Andean Cock-of-the-rock: A Colorful Bird with a Unique Lifestyle

The Andean cock-of-the-rock, or tunqui (Rupícola peruviana), noted for its incredible plumage, is a species of passerine bird in the Cotingidae family that inhabits the Amazonian region of Peru.

According to Supreme Resolution 983 from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, promulgated during the presidency of Manuel Prado on December 11, 1941, the Rupícola peruviana is the national bird of Peru. Due to its incomparable plumage and numerous individual and collective manifestations, it is admired worldwide as one of the most beautiful and delicate birds.

Characteristics and Habitat

The Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupícola peruviana) is a medium-sized bird, measuring around 35 centimeters in length. The male is striking with its intense reddish-orange plumage, orange eyes, yellow legs, and a yellow bill. It has black wings and tail. In contrast, the female has a dark reddish-brown coloration.

In Peru, this bird species is found in protected areas such as the Río Abiseo National Park in San Martín, Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in Pasco, Tingo María National Park in Huánuco, and Manu National Park in Cusco-Madre de Dios. It can also be found in protection forests like Alto Mayo in San Martín, San Matías-San Carlos in Pasco, Pui-Pui in Junín, as well as in the forests of San Ignacio, Cutervo National Park, the historical sanctuary of Machu Picchu, and similar territories along the eastern slope of the Andes.

These birds live in groups of 10 to 20 individuals and typically lay their eggs in crevices within rocky cliffs. It is quite rare to find a solitary Andean cock-of-the-rock, as they usually live in small communities. They remain hidden for most of the day and only venture out of the forest during certain hours. On occasion, they have been observed on the banks of rivers, bathing and drinking water.

Sound of the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock

The call of the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock is unique and distinctive. Males produce a loud and strident sound that resembles a repetitive “kak-kak-kak” or “wac-wac-wac,” echoing through the mountainous forests of Peru. This conspicuous call is an integral part of their courtship behavior and is particularly prominent during the breeding season when males gather at designated areas known as “leks” to attract females. This sound is an essential component of their dance and display, as they aim to impress females with both their vocal and visual performances. Listening to the call of the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock in its natural habitat is a unique experience that evokes the beauty and mystery of the Andean forests of Peru.

Cock of the Rock Feeding

The Peruvian Cock-of-the-Rock has a diverse diet, primarily consisting of wild fruits that flourish in the mountainous forests of the eastern Andes. These magnificent birds are predominantly frugivorous, which means they primarily feed on fruits. This dietary preference is a direct consequence of the remarkable natural abundance of fruits in the Amazon rainforest, where between 50% and 80% of trees produce fruit as part of their propagation strategy. Furthermore, the availability and variety of these wild fruits ensure a year-round food source, though the quality of their diet may fluctuate seasonally.

Reproduction

The sexual courtship of the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock carries special significance in the avian world. Males gather at specific locations known as ‘leks’ to engage in a captivating display of dance and song, competing for the attention of the females. In a meticulously choreographed spectacle, the males position themselves in precise formations, each vying to outshine the other through their impressive performances.

During these displays, the distinctive crest of the male takes on a central role as it is the feature that most strongly captures the females’ attention. The males go to great lengths to showcase their vibrant plumage and their unique dance moves, which include elaborate jumps, wing flapping, and vocalizations. The auditory and visual extravagance of these courtship rituals is a testament to the males’ determination to win the favor of the females.

These courtship gatherings are not only a remarkable natural spectacle but also serve as a critical element of the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock’s reproductive cycle. They play a crucial role in ensuring the continued existence of this iconic species.

Conservation Cock of the Rock

Despite its cultural and ecological significance, the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock faces significant conservation challenges. The loss of habitat due to deforestation and poaching poses a serious threat to this species. However, the Peruvian government and environmental organizations are making tireless efforts to safeguard these magnificent birds and their natural habitat.

The Andean Cock-of-the-Rock is undeniably a symbol of Peru’s natural and cultural wealth. Its striking beauty and profound historical significance make it an essential element in the preservation of the country’s biodiversity. By learning about these birds and understanding their role in the Peruvian ecosystem, we contribute to ensuring that the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock remains a national treasure and a source of pride for future generations.